Aims: The objective was to study the effect of surface charge on the interaction with model lipid membranes of dendriplexes formed by HIV-derived peptides and two types of positively charged carbosilane dendrimers (CBD). Methods: The interaction of dendriplexes with lipid membranes were studied using fluorescence anisotropy, dynamic light scattering and Langmuir-Blodgett techniques. Morphology of the complexes was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Results: All dendriplexes independently on the type of peptide interacted with model lipid membranes. Strongest interaction has been observed with negatively charged vesicles composed of a mixture of DMPC/DPPG. This interaction has been accompanied by increase of fluorescence anisotropy of the fluorescent probe localized in polar part lipid bilayers and in increase of surface pressure of lipid monolayers. The treatment of negatively charged liposomes with dendriplexes increased the liposome size and altered their surface charge into the positive value. Conclusions: We showed that carbosilane dendrimer/HIV-derived peptide complexes interact with model lipid membranes depending on membrane surface charge. Obtained results can be useful for development of a vaccine against HIV-1 infection based on cationic dendrimers. Studied nanopolymers (CBD) can be considered as non-viral carriers for delivery peptides into the cells. Research was supported by the PL-SK 2013–2014 cooperation project, Slovak RDA projects no. APVV-0410-10 and SK-PL-0070-12, by 1/EuroNanoMed/2010, DENPEPTHIV project financed by NRDC, Poland (PS09102669, FIS(PI08222).